Introduction
This
report introduces SmartNav and how it will greatly benefit the shipping
industry of ships 300 gross tonnage and larger improving its efficiency and
making sea travel safer. This product will greatly benefit seafarers, shipping
and transport companies.
Background
16 of the
world's cargo ships emit as much “lung-clogging sulphur pollution” as all the
cars in the world (Pearce, 2009). Planning the shortest travel routes used by
cargo ships, operating costs and the pollution produced by cargo ships can be
reduced. From 2011 to 2019, there were 25614 ships involved in collisions.
(EMSA, 2019) Ship collisions have many factors with human error being the
largest factor.
According
to the article “Modes of Transportation explained: Which type of cargo and
freight transportation is the best?”(Carnarius, 2018), seaborne trading makes
up 90% of global trading. Ocean freights are the preferred method of
transportation due to being the cheapest method of shipping goods while also
being able to transport high volume and heavy cargo which would not be
transportable by air(Carnarius, 2018) (Refer to Appendix A). Ocean freights are
also the most environmentally friendly method of transport while being able to
transport goods around the world(Carnarius, 2018).
However,
even while being the most efficient method of goods transportation, “shipping
is responsible for up to 4% of all climate change emissions”(Vidal, 2009).
Shipping produces up to 9% of nitrogen oxide and 30% of sulfur oxide pollution.
This pollution is responsible for 60,000 deaths and costs up to $300 billion
every year in combating lung and heart diseases(Vidal, 2009).
According
to the article “HUMAN ERROR ACCOUNTS FOR 75% OF MARINE LIABILITY LOSSES”
(Frith, 2017), human error accounts for between 75% to 96% of marine accidents.
Maritime accidents cause many issues such as crew injuries, damaging cargo, the
environment, and key infrastructures(Frith, 2017).
Problem Statement
There are products in the market that use GPS to plan routes but
are lacking AIS, namely, the Garmin eTrex 20x. By integrating GPS and AIS, the
ship will be able to navigate to the designated destination while detecting
nearby ships to prevent collisions. Current products in the
market use GPS to navigate the ship’s route. Considering just GPS, it could not
detect ships within its range. SmartNav uses AIS to detect nearby ships to
prevent collision and track and navigate to desired location.
Purpose
Statement
The
purpose of this report is to improve the
efficiency of cargo ships, sailing it along the most efficient route and
appropriate speed maximizing fuel efficiency as well as minimizing the
risk of collision.
Proposed
Solution
The
proposed solution will be the SmartNav. It is a device that processes data from
the onboard GPS and AIS and navigate the ship along the optimal route to
maximize fuel efficiency while ensuring the prevention of collision with other
ships. SmartNav will calculate the optimal route to its destination using input
data from the GPS with fuel efficiency as its main consideration. While on this
route, the ship uses AIS to detect the presence of surrounding ships nearby and
determine measures needed in order to continue on the most optimal route while
avoiding collision. An ideal navigation device
automates steering of cargo ships through the integration of GPS and AIS.
Benefits
SmartNav
will greatly benefit the cargo shipping industry by reducing overall shipping
costs, optimizing travel routes, reducing emissions produced and increasing
safety. Crew related expenses are responsible for up to 30% of a total ship’s
operating cost. By reducing the required manpower needed to operate the ship,
we can reduce the ship’s operating costs. Fuel costs make up to 60% of a cargo
ship's total operating cost. By optimizing and utilizing SmartNav to plan the
travel routes, we can reduce the fuel needed to operate the cargo ships. Thus,
reducing the emissions produced and overall shipping costs. Up to 96% of all
maritime accidents are caused by human errors. By minimizing the human element
in ships, we can hopefully reduce the probability of maritime accidents.
Evaluations
& Limitations
The
limitations of the SmartNav are that the device relies on onboard technologies
namely, GPS and AIS. As SmartNav takes in the data from these 2 systems, when
one of the system malfunctions or gives incorrect data which would result in
the ship being navigated along a sub-optimal route. This will cost more
resources and even collisions. Furthermore, not all ships have AIS, smaller
ships such as boats and sampans may not have AIS which may result in possible
collisions with smaller ships.
SmartNav
does not use radar which can detect objects near the ship. A ship’s radar range
can detect objects up to 48 nautical miles away and can detect smaller boats
near the ship. However, the radar range can be affected by many factors and
will not be able to account for ships that are beyond this range which may
affect the path of the ship.
Methodology
Secondary
research sources were used as reference to acquire the information for our
report.
Secondary
Research
The team
did thorough research on the current product in the market as comparison with our
project to build a strong proposal. We
SmartNav
is a device that merges two existing systems onboard ships, Automatic
Identification System(AIS) and Global Positioning System(GPS).
Firstly,
Automatic Identification System is a satellite tracking system used by pilot
boats to detect nearby ships relative to their location. It provides the ships
registered name, current position, course and relative speed, also the ship's
travel history.
Secondly,
the Global Positioning System is a navigational system used to tell their
longitude and latitude in real time. Similar to maps, it can also produce a
shortest/ fastest route to the destination.
SmartNav
functions as a device that is mounted onto the helms of the ship and controls
the movement and the throttle. Data collected from the two systems acts as an
input and SmartNav will process them to attain a safe and most efficient route
according to the GPS. SmartNav will then guide the ship along the set route.
SmartNav is a realtime update device. This eliminates the need for ‘course made
good’ which is a method currently used by navigator to counter factors such as
drift which includes wind and current needed in order to travel straight.
Eliminating the need to ‘course made good’ will affect in a shorter distance
travelled, thus promoting efficiency. While proceeding along this route, if the
AIS detects and picks up any other ships in or crossing its way, this signal
will be sent to SmartNav. SmartNav will process for the next course of action
then steer away and avoid collision.
Conclusion
In
conclusion, SmartNav will increase the fuel efficiency of cargo ships and
prevent collisions with other ships with AIS. Due to its ease of installation
by using existing technologies onboard ships, it will not be difficult to
install this device onboard current ships. If SmartNav is implemented in cargo
ships worldwide, it will be possible to eliminate cargo ships collisions.
References
Pearce F. (2009, November
21). How 16 ships create as much pollution as all the cars in the world
MailOnline https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1229857/How-16-ships-create-pollution-cars-world.html
Carnarius J. (2018, March
20). Modes of Transportation explained: Which type of cargo and freight
transportation is the best? https://www.freighthub.com/en/blog/modes-transportation-explained-best/
Frith J. (n.d) Human error
accounts for 75% of marine liability losses. https://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/insurance,-legal-and-finance/human-error-accounts-for-75-of-marine-liability-losses
Stratiotis E. (2018,
January 22). Fuel costs in ocean shipping. https://www.morethanshipping.com/fuel-costs-ocean-shipping/
Vidal J. (2009, April 9).
Health risks of shipping pollution have been “underestimated”
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/apr/09/shipping-pollution
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